Bipolar disorder doesn’t define a person. With the right treatment, support, and understanding, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives.
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Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a complex mental health condition often misunderstood by society.
It’s marked by extreme mood swings – from depressive lows to manic highs – and affects approximately 2-3% of South Africans, according to the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG).
It impacts men and women equally, and while the exact cause is unknown, a genetic link is suspected, particularly among families with a history of bipolar disorder or major depression.
Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness, meaning it’s a condition you live with, not something that goes away after treatment, explains Dr Julia Lethole, a psychiatrist at Mediclinic Muelmed.
Misconceptions about the disorder often create barriers for those affected and their loved ones. To truly support someone with bipolar disorder, understanding the nature of the illness and adopting practical, empathetic strategies is key.
Encourage treatment and routine, help them adhere to prescribed medication and therapy. A consistent routine can greatly assist in managing symptoms.
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Symptoms of bipolar disorder
The hallmark of bipolar disorder is the alternating episodes of depression and mania.
According to Lethole, these episodes don’t follow a predictable cycle, and some individuals may even experience mixed episodes where symptoms of both depression and mania appear simultaneously.
Symptoms of a depressive episode:
Symptoms of a manic (high) episode:
Being in a manic phase doesn’t mean the person is happy, explains Lethole. Manic episodes can be dangerous, leading to impulsive decisions and high-risk behaviour that the individual may later regret.
Understanding these patterns is critical for providing meaningful support. For loved ones supporting someone with bipolar disorder, knowing the correct language and approach can make all the difference.
“Simple phrases like ‘I’m here for you, no matter what,’ or ‘You’re not alone – we’ll get through this together’ can make a world of difference,” says Karen, a SADAG Support Group Leader.
It’s essential to note that a person in a manic phase is not necessarily happy. In fact, these episodes can lead to impulsive decisions and high-risk behaviours that individuals may later regret.
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Practical ways to support someone with bipolar disorder
Educate yourself: Arm yourself with knowledge about bipolar disorder. SADAG offers online brochures, videos, and expert articles tailored to the South African audience.
Learning about the condition, medication, and triggers can help you better understand what your loved one is going through.
Use supportive language: Language matters. Avoid dismissive phrases like “You’re overreacting” or “Just think positive”.
Instead, say things like: “I’m here for you”, “How can I support you today?” and “It’s okay to feel this way – let’s work through it together.”
These affirming statements validate their experience and show that you care.
Be patient and listen: Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, and recovery isn’t linear. Instead of offering unsolicited advice, listen to your loved one. A listening ear can make them feel understood and less alone.
Encourage treatment and routine: Encourage your loved one to follow their prescribed medication and therapy plans.
A consistent routine, including regular sleep patterns, exercise, and a healthy diet, plays a crucial role in managing symptoms. SADAG’s Mood Diary is a practical tool for tracking treatment progress and identifying triggers.
Practice self-care and set boundaries: Caring for someone with bipolar disorder can be emotionally taxing.
It’s essential to set boundaries to protect your mental health. Seek support for yourself – whether through friends, family, or support groups – to ensure you’re equipped to provide care without burning out.
The role of community and professional support
If your loved one is in crisis, SADAG’s Suicide Crisis Helpline is available at 0800 567 567 or via SMS at 31393. Having a safety plan in place and knowing when to seek professional intervention can save lives.
Below is a list of facilities that can provide assistance as well:
Akeso is a network of private psychiatric hospitals across South Africa offering inpatient and outpatient care for mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder. They also provide therapy programs and support for family members.
Life Healthcare operates mental health facilities across South Africa, focusing on treatment for mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, substance abuse, and other mental health conditions.
Several universities in South Africa, such as the University of Cape Town (UCT), University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), and Stellenbosch University, operate community psychology clinics offering affordable therapy services. These clinics are staffed by trained professionals and postgraduate students under supervision.
Cape Mental Health focuses on providing mental health care, advocacy, and resources to individuals in the Western Cape. They offer counselling, support groups, and services tailored to people with psychiatric conditions like bipolar disorder.
The Counselling Hub provides low-cost counselling services for individuals who may not be able to afford private therapy. They focus on making mental health care accessible and affordable.
As health professionals remind us, “Bipolar disorder doesn’t define a person. With the right treatment, support, and understanding, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives.”